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The All-Time Hit (By Pitch) King?
2005-06-09 21:29
by Mike Carminati
Uptown. Downtown. No one's fussy I'm a target. Black, white. Day, night. No one's fussy I'm a target
—Joe Jackson (not the one without shoes)

The New York Times has a piece on Craig Biggio's assault on the "modern" hit by pitch crown. Biggio stands at 262, five behind "modern" leader Don Baylor (but a 1000 behind the farcical record of Ernie 'Coach' Pantusso).

However, in third place sits Ron Hunt with 243, who collected his plunkings in almost fivr thousand fewer plate appearances (10914 to 6158). So who was a bigger target for opposing pitchers? Let's take a look, shall we?

I ran the career numbers for every major-leaguer with the actual HBP totals againts an expected HBP total. The expected total was derived by looking at the number of plate appearances the player had multiplied by the ratio of total league HBP to total league plate appearances for each year in the player's career. It represents the number of HBP one would expect a typical batter in the player's league would have accumulated given the number of plate appearances the player had.

I then looked at the players who exceeded expectations by the most:

NameFirstLastAct HBPTPA Exp HBP Diff
Hughie Jennings189119182875639 60.23 226.77
Don Baylor197019882679401 48.57 218.43
Ron Hunt196319742436158 34.09 208.91
Tommy Tucker188718992727266 76.28 195.72
Craig Biggio1988200425610690 81.20 174.80
Dan McGann189619082306047 59.68 170.32
Minnie Minoso194919801927710 41.33 150.67
Frank Robinson1956197619811743 65.19 132.81
Jason Kendall199620041775282 47.18 129.82
Curt Welch188418931734939 51.86 121.14
Kid Elberfeld189819141655272 46.81 118.19
Andres Galarraga198520041788916 61.02 116.98
Fernando Vina199320041574742 40.85 116.15
Chet Lemon197519901517872 40.84 110.16
Art Fletcher190919221416039 40.21 100.79
Brady Anderson198820021547737 58.91 95.09
Frank Chance189819141375099 45.97 91.03
Carlton Fisk196919931439853 52.44 90.56
Frankie Crosetti193219481147273 24.36 89.64
Nellie Fox1947196514210349 54.53 87.47

No surprise here: the all-time HBP leader (Jennings) exceeded plunking expectations more than anyone else. Baylor is second, Hunt is third, and Biggio fifth.

OK, so who has been hit by a pitch at a higher frequency than anyone else? (min. 1000 PA):

NameFirstLastAct HBPTPA Exp HBP Diff Career Ratio
Hughie Jennings189119182875639 60.23 226.77 5.09%
Craig Wilson20012004711609 15.14 55.86 4.41%
F.P. Santangelo19952001832073 17.32 65.68 4.00%
Ron Hunt196319742436158 34.09 208.91 3.95%
Jason LaRue19992004721892 17.69 54.31 3.81%
Dan McGann189619082306047 59.68 170.32 3.80%
Tommy Tucker188718992727266 76.28 195.72 3.74%
Olmedo Saenz19942004441204 11.11 32.89 3.65%
Jay Faatz18841890431217 11.95 31.05 3.53%
Curt Welch188418931734939 51.86 121.14 3.50%
Jason Kendall199620041775282 47.18 129.82 3.35%
Fernando Vina199320041574742 40.85 116.15 3.31%
Charlie Babb19031905451376 12.51 32.49 3.27%
Bert Daniels19101914722236 19.62 52.38 3.22%
Kid Elberfeld189819141655272 46.81 118.19 3.13%
Reed Johnson20032004321039 10.57 21.43 3.08%
David Eckstein20012004762520 25.58 50.42 3.02%
Red Killefer19071916541794 14.67 39.33 3.01%
Steve Evans190819151113893 27.72 83.28 2.85%
Don Baylor197019882679401 48.57 218.43 2.84%

Though it should be mentioned that there were four "Black and Blue Moon" Grahams whose batting career consistent in one plate appearance, which was being hit by a pitch:

NameFirstLastHBPPA Exp HBP Diff Career Ratio
Cy Malis1934193411 0.00 1.00 100%
Charlie Faust1911191111 0.01 0.99 100%
Harvey Grubb1912191211 0.01 0.99 100%
Ham Wade1907190711 0.01 0.99 100%
Fred Van Dusen1955195511 0.01 0.99 100%

Charlie "Victory" Faust, by the way, was John McGraw's good luck charm in 1911.

Finally, given that HBP rates have varied over the history of the game, who had the highest actual to expected HBP ratio in baseball history:

NameFirstLastHBPPA Exp HBP Diff Career RatioAct-to-Exp
Ron Hunt196319742436158 34.09 208.91 3.95%713%
Don Baylor197019882679401 48.57 218.43 2.84%550%
F.P. Santangelo19952001832073 17.32 65.68 4.00%479%
Hughie Jennings189119182875639 60.23 226.77 5.09%476%
Craig Wilson20012004711609 15.14 55.86 4.41%469%
Frankie Crosetti193219481147273 24.36 89.64 1.57%468%
Minnie Minoso194919801927710 41.33 150.67 2.49%464%
Jack Gleason18771886111531 2.37 8.63 0.72%463%
Jake Evans1879188541898 0.86 3.14 0.21%463%
Manny Jimenez19621969271116 6.22 20.78 2.42%434%
Chris Brown19841989301690 7.29 22.71 1.78%411%
Jason LaRue19992004721892 17.69 54.31 3.81%407%
Steve Evans190819151113893 27.72 83.28 2.85%400%
Olmedo Saenz19942004441204 11.11 32.89 3.65%396%
Solly Hemus19491959623250 15.68 46.32 1.91%396%
Dan McGann189619082306047 59.68 170.32 3.80%385%
Lou Johnson19601969532251 13.75 39.25 2.35%385%
Dario Lodigiani19381946191551 4.94 14.06 1.23%385%
Fernando Vina199320041574742 40.85 116.15 3.31%384%
Nap Reyes19431950151005 3.93 11.07 1.49%381%
Jason Kendall199620041775282 47.18 129.82 3.35%375%

There are a good number of current players on that list. Is that because there is great variance in HBP numbers? Or is Tim McCarver correct and are today's players are being coddled? Are purpose pitches so rare that it's easy to far exceed the low HBP expectations? Let's look at each decades numbers (ignoring years and leagues in which HBP totals were not kept):

DecadeHBPTPA%
1880s34363717600.92%
1890s79127392641.07%
1900s73818395710.88%
1910s72719936830.73%
1920s51909565760.54%
1930s36679615980.38%
1940s33969542460.36%
1950s47889527180.50%
1960s699112094570.58%
1970s768815107680.51%
1980s725515516950.47%
1990s1206016679430.72%
2000s89079397650.95%

Huh? So players today can expect to by hit by a pitch more frequently than any other decade in the eleven. So—shocking!—Tim McCarver seems to be talking out of some other orifice than his mouth. Hmmm….interesting.

Very quickly, here are the players who were the most difficult to hit based on the three criteria above:
NameFirstLastAct HBPTPAExp HBPDiffCareer RatioAct-to-Exp
Sam Crawford18991917231059492.15-69.150.22%24.96%
Lave Cross1887190731971096.78-65.780.32%32.03%
Tommy Corcoran1890190735936895.61-60.610.37%36.61%
Harold Baines19802001141109268.98-54.980.13%20.30%
George Van Haltren1887190338897992.98-54.980.42%40.87%
Ruben Sierra198620047856861.65-54.650.08%11.35%
Eddie Murray19771997181281770.18-52.180.14%25.65%
Hugh Duffy1888190629782780.82-51.820.37%35.88%
Garret Anderson199420045624655.69-50.690.08%8.98%
Germany Smith1884189816699565.97-49.970.23%24.25%
Bones Ely1884190211556360.41-49.410.20%18.21%
Joe Tinker1902191610714557.74-47.740.14%17.32%
Bobby Wallace1894191847961291.68-44.680.49%51.26%
Tommy Leach1898191832905176.68-44.680.35%41.73%
Chili Davis1981199915999659.49-44.490.15%25.22%
Wade Boggs19821999231074067.39-44.390.21%34.13%
Kid Gleason1888191238819882.14-44.140.46%46.26%
Chipper Jones1993200414663457.96-43.960.21%24.16%
Lou Bierbauer1886189815600758.38-43.380.25%25.69%
Mark McLemore1986200415723958.01-43.010.21%25.86%
NameFirstLastAct HBPTPAExp HBPDiffCareer RatioAct-to-Exp
John Peters18741884027190.04-0.040%0%
Lip Pike18711887020320.04-0.040%0%
Larry Corcoran18801887013410.10-0.100%0%
Jim Holdsworth18721884014890.19-0.190%0%
Harry Wheeler18781884011450.19-0.190%0%
Tommy Bond18741884019970.22-0.220%0%
Lee Richmond18791886010640.23-0.230%0%
George Bradley18751888022980.39-0.390%0%
Bob Ferguson18711884035960.39-0.390%0%
Barney Gilligan18751888020200.81-0.810%0%
Jim McCormick18781887021041.13-1.130%0%
Chick Fulmer18711884024821.15-1.150%0%
Stump Wiedman18801888014461.29-1.290%0%
Alex McKinnon18841887016171.70-1.700%0%
Joe Farrell18821886015242.28-2.280%0%
Jack Remsen18721884024233.12-3.120%0%
George Strief18791885014243.70-3.700%0%
Tommy Bridges19301946011423.89-3.890%0%
Hal Newhouser19391955011604.16-4.160%0%
Rube Walberg19231937010054.36-4.360%0%
Erv Dusak19411952011924.45-4.450%0%
Bobby Mathews18711887025604.65-4.650%0%
Bill Sweeney19281931011124.71-4.710%0%
Wes Ferrell19271941013454.84-4.840%0%
Fernando Valenzuela19801997010434.89-4.890%0%
Coaker Triplett19381945014345.31-5.310%0%
Fergie Jenkins19651983010105.33-5.330%0%
Bobby Brown19791985013935.90-5.900%0%
Hal Rice19481954012836.05-6.050%0%
Tommie Aaron19621971010456.15-6.150%0%
Bob Friend19511966012976.76-6.760%0%
Howard Ehmke19151930010886.78-6.780%0%
Rob Andrews19751979016417.33-7.330%0%
Jim Norris19771980014937.56-7.560%0%
John Gochnauer19011903010308.22-8.220%0%
Earl Moore19011914010498.40-8.400%0%
Red Ames19031919011228.49-8.490%0%
Mickey Witek19401949023258.58-8.580%0%
Joe Bush19121928013168.72-8.720%0%
Tom Hutton19661981019199.19-9.190%0%
Herm Winningham19841992020699.79-9.790%0%
Coco Crisp200220040112811.41-11.410%0%
Scott Livingstone199119980164612.07-12.070%0%
Juan Castro199520040174215.83-15.830%0%
Cesar Izturis200120040192918.29-18.290%0%
Mark Lemke198819980366424.99-24.990%0%
Bill Bergen190119110322827.57-27.570%0%

Comments
2005-06-10 06:02:33
1.   ChuckM
This isn't related to this particular piece, just thought you would like to know that it seems one of the reasons Detroit unloaded Urbina was because he got sh*tfaced and into a bit of a scuffle with a teammate on the flight Sunday. Makes that trade look even worse now...
2005-06-10 06:46:19
2.   Loogy
Regarding Biggio: I know it's an unreasonable thought, but my subjectively I tedn to feel it lessens his HOF credentials because he prefers to get HBP.
2005-06-10 11:38:07
3.   rbj
I wonder if expansion give a one-two year blip up in HBP, as not ready for prime time pitchers (and hitters) are in the game. Weren't there more new teams in the 1990s than any other decade (since 1900)?

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